Overall, research has generally demonstrated that favorable alterations in plasma lipids occur with the use of estrogen therapy. Furthermore, the use of estrogens as noncontraceptives has been shown to increase the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in young females, particularly if they smoke, while other studies have suggested no such increase in risk exists. Some have shown that the treatment can cause altered lipid levels that reduce cardiovascular risk, while others have suggested the therapy can increase the risk of high blood pressure, especially when it is administered in high doses. Studies have demonstrated variable effects of estrogen therapy on cardiovascular factors. Some research has shown that the risk of endometrial cancer is removed when progestins are administered in combination with estrogen therapy. Some studies have reported that estrogen therapy is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer and breast cancer. Epileptic patients may also experience worsening seizures. Neurological effectsĮstradiol medication can cause depression, mood swings, irritability, anger, dizziness and headaches. Weight gain may also be noted in some women. When taken orally, gastrointestinal side effects may develop including nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, water retention, jaundice, gall stones, gastritis, dyspepsia, pancreatitis, liver enlargement and liver tumors. Other skin effects include loss of scalp hair, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, hirsuitism (growth of body hair), itching and rash.
Skin-related side effects include skin pigmentation, chloasma and melasma.
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